Mechanism of atrophy

 ATROPHY:
Atrophy of an organ can occur in following situations:
A. A decrease in stress leads to decrease in organ size:

P.C:Obgyn key

Decreased hormonal stimulation (decrease in size of uterus after menopause), disuse, or decreased nutrients/blood supply(muscle atrophy).Occurs via a decrease in the size and number of cells.

B.Atrophy by decrease in cell number occurs via apoptosis:Occurs during organogenesis.

C. Decrease in cell size occurs via ubiquitin-proteosome degradation of the
cytoskeleton and autophagy of cellular components.
1. In ubiquitin-proteosome degradation, intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton
are "tagged" with ubiquitin and destroyed by proteosomes.

2. Autophagy of cellular components involves generation of autophagic vacuoles.
These vacuoles fuse with lysosomes whose hydrolytic enzymes breakdown
cellular components.

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